Essay on Adolescent Case Study - 1021 Words

Adolescent Case Study I. Identification nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A. Kathy Johnson is a 14 year old female, a freshman at Parkway High nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; School, and resides at 789 Parkview Way, Bossier City, LA 70000. II. History of Family nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A. The subject lives with her biological mother and stepfather. The childs biological father resides in Bossier City as well, but he has not maintained a relationship with the child since he divorced her mother in 1981. The child also has a brother who lives out of state and has no relationship or contact with him either. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;B. The subject comes from an upper middle class family. Her stepfather is a high school graduate and†¦show more content†¦She plays softball during the summer for her church league and has won numerous trophies. During the school year, she also plays basketball for her church basketball team. She diligently attends every practice and never misses a game in either sport. Although her physician states that she is in good general health, she regularly complains of stomach pain and lethargy. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;B.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Due to the subjects physical complaints, her school attendance is relatively poor; however, her grades are above average in the A to B range. In the past, her attendance in school was better, but her grades were not as high. They usually remained in the B to C range. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;C.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The subject receives an allowance of $25 per week for doing household chores such as cleaning her room, vacuuming, and cooking dinner. Most often, she spends her allowance on name brand clothing and shoes. Fitting in with thenbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;quot;Preppyquot; crowd seems to be very important to her, hence the expenditures on only name brand clothing, shoes, etc. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;D.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although she wants to fit in, she seems to lack the social skills required in order to get along with her peers. She tends to be somewhat aggressive which often results in confrontations and arguments with peers herShow MoreRelatedAdolescent Case Study Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesAdolescent Case Study I. Identification A. Kathy Johnson is a 14 year old female, a freshman at Parkway High School, and resides at 789 Parkview Way, Bossier City, LA 70000. II. History of Family A. The subject lives with her biological mother and stepfather. The childs biological father resides in Bossier City as well, but he has not maintained a relationship with the child since he divorced her mother in 1981. The child also has a brother who lives out of state and has no relationshipRead MoreCase Study : Adolescent Ptsd3020 Words   |  13 Pages Case Study: Adolescent PTSD Jalisa Rumph Nova Southeastern University Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental health condition that is usually triggered when a person witnesses a traumatic event. A traumatic event could be war, natural disaster, a near death experience, witnessing a death, car accident, plane crash, violent crimes or any other terrifying event. Many people experience these types of events and do just fine afterwards. Others experience symptoms from the eventRead MoreAdolescent Behavior Case Study1105 Words   |  5 PagesThe second study to be addressed pertains to the likeliness of the program to decrease risky sexual behaviors in adolescents. This study tries to assess the effectiveness of the program in decreasing reports of participants having sex, unprotected sex and underage pregnancies after the completion of the program. The participants in this study were, on majority, 9th graders from different schools across the world. The criteria for selecting the schools was their curriculum, location, scheduling, andRead MoreCase Stu dy # 1 Adolescent Development1610 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study # 1 Adolescent Development 1. From a developmental standpoint, how might we explain Ashley’s preoccupation with her appearance? In 1967, Dr. David Elkind defined adolescent egocentrism as adolescents’ believing that everyone around them is as concerned about their appearance as they are. He reported that adolescents tend to relax with this idealism the older they get (Schwartz, Maynard, Uzelac page 441). Though the case study scenario depicts a younger student, the example itRead MoreReviving Ophelia1717 Words   |  7 Pagesgirls go through when they are growing up and trudging through puberty. As the author Mary Pipher states it, adolescent girls tend to lose their â€Å"true selves† in order to fit in and comply with the standards that society sets for women. Pipher, a practicing therapist, uses her own case studies to show how pressures put on girls forces them to react in often damaging ways. In most case studies she tells the audience how she helped these girls heal and regain control of their lives. It seems that herRead MoreI Learn A Great Deal About How Conduct A Case Study Essay9 08 Words   |  4 Pages I learn a great deal about how to conduct a case study. I gained insight into the struggles Aubri deals with daily. After the initial meetings, our many conversations, and the case study research I felt I knew Aubri much better. I now know why so many of my students struggle with organization and time management (AR 1.8, AR 3.2, AR 3.3). The whole process makes me look at all my students differently (AR 2.5.) Makes me want to be a better teacher, counselor, parent, wife, and friend.Read MoreAdvocacy for family and Youth Essay892 Words   |  4 PagesJosie’s Case Study Josie is an 11 year old bi-racial adolescent who lives with her single mother. Josie has been known to have learning and behavioral problems in school, home and community. Due to her behavioral issues, Josie was asked not to return to her soccer team and is no longer permitted at their school program. While counseling Josie, she stated that she has been extremely depressed and she does not care about life. As a human service professional, the ecological model that I will applyRead MoreAdolescent Sexual Offenders : Case Study1417 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this treatment group is for clients to learn DBT skills in the group format. The group population (adolescent sexual offenders) has been shown to benefit from leaning DBT skills. DBT skills will be utilized by the group for four main functions: mindfulness, emotion regulation, distress and tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness. These functions are core components for use in combatting urges, decreasing maladaptive behaviors and creating and following behavior plans (SakdalanRead MoreThe Treatment of Phobias Essay851 Words   |  4 Pagesof injections. Several people today suffer from travel phobia, yet there is little data regarding the phobia. The purpose of this study was to review the usefulness of a trauma-focused treatment approach for travel phobia from a cognitive behavioral therapy. Such technique used for the study was Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) for a 184 person case from a rehabilitation provider. The reasoning for these particular tests was to enact a full body approach where as it tested allRead MoreCase Study : Child And Adolescent Development1499 Words   |  6 Pages Howard Gardner Abi Prewitt-Campbell, Texas AM University EDCI 353: Child and Adolescent Development Fall 2017 Introduction about the Theorist Howard Gardner is currently phycologist and is a professor at the graduate school of Harvard University. He is currently married but did divorce his first wife. She would shortly pass away about four years later. Howard Gardner parents had a rough time in the society, they would run away from Nurnberg† (Gardner 1989: 22) and their

Is Globalization Diminishing The Presence Of Nationalism

Alexander Alezi Professor Hemrick ENC1101: Composition I 10 December 2014 Is Globalization Diminishing the Presence of Nationalism? As a kid I was taught to question everything and to think for myself. For that reason, I questioned how the world operates. During my time, globalization has been the major factor contributing to changes in our society. We are slowly becoming a close nit network of countries with the common goals of becoming a world superpower, financially rich, and multicultural. The modern world has seen a dramatic increase in globalization such as through the advancement in transportation, technology, and international communication which have constructed made the world society interconnected. This occurrence has caused greater unity between nations, regardless of their culture or geographical location, which has been one of mankind’s largest steps towards world peace and global relations. Supranational organizations, such as the United Nations and the World Bank, have brought many countries together in an effort to promote unity a nd stability in an uncertain, dangerous world. Globalization has even affected the economy as international markets have become connected through mergers and acquisitions of intercontinental corporations. The volatility of stock exchanges within major market continuously affects several nations as global interconnectedness continues to grow. While globalization has benefitted the world tremendously, it has also led to theShow MoreRelatedApple Inc and the World Market1851 Words   |  7 Pagesof globalization. Some of the rivals respect it a way of decimating the societies and social orders while the advocates accept that globalization has increased the financial robustness of the nations. This investigation tried to give comprehending concerning the idea of globalization, its focal points and detriments on the economies of the planet particularly on the business globe (Ahmed, 1993, pp.335-359). Discussion Globalization The most exceptionally unified definition of globalization describesRead MoreGlobalization and Cultural Identity4496 Words   |  18 Pages19/03/2003 10:40 AM Page 269 23 Globalization and Cultural Identity John Tomlinson It is fair to say that the impact of globalization in the cultural sphere has, most generally, been viewed in a pessimistic light. Typically, it has been associated with the destruction of cultural identities, victims of the accelerating encroachment of a homogenized, westernized, consumer culture. This view, the constituency for which extends from (some) academics to anti-globalization activists (Shepard and Hayduk Read MoreImperialism, Imperial Policies and Global/ Regional Status Quo and Its Development Response After Terrorist Attacks of 9/113668 Words   |  15 Pagesadvancement in military arms, namely nuclear weapons. It is my believe that though the presence of nuclear weapons can allow for a total war to happen, it actually has diminished number of wars and prevent conflicts between nations who wish to maximize their power, and/or their security. These struggles of power also result in the attempting to balance the power. In addition, regard to the concept of nationalism that once was maintaining and promoting social cohesion in time of conflicts in the pastRead MoreDubais Political and Economic Development: Essay38738 Words   |  155 Pagesof international consumerism has come to define Dubai s c u l t ~ r e . Indeed, the festivals slogan, One World, One Family, One Festival suggests a ruling ethos tha t is enthusiastically willing to embrace the more materialistic aspects of globalization.6 Although Dubais gaudy development projects and commercial spirit may be a curiosity for visitors, this embrace of Western-style entertainment and lifestyles has irritated some citizens.17 VVhile Dubais rulers have clearly demonstrated a willingnessRead MoreFgjf9195 Words   |  37 Pagescurrent leadership is selling out any more than previous leaders. Indeed, if the opposition leaders have ever been in power, it is likely that they have actually signed IMF agreements themselves. Note, however, that there are other reasons – besides nationalism – for certain people to oppose the IMF. IMF programs have proven to exacerbate income inequality (Pastor 1987, Garuda 2000, Vreeland 2002, 2003). So there are winners and losers under IMF programs, and the potential losers are likely to oppose theRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesyears of little significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 asRead MoreTnk-Bp: Tread with Caution10644 Words   |  43 PagesThe field was one of the best-kept secrets of World War II. After World War II, as Europe rebuilt, Anglo-Iranian invested in refineries all over Europe and began selling gas in New Zealand. Middle Eastern nationalism was rapidly expanding, and Britain’s control over Iran was rapidly diminishing. In 1951 the Iranian Parliament nationalized oil operations within the country’s borders. Governments around the world boycotted Iranian oil, and within 18 months the Iranian economy was in ruins. EventuallyRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PageseYciency is replaced by a quest for meaning. Management accounting inscriptions emerge as a way of making sense of organizational functioning— providing justiWcations to legitimate that which has taken place, creating memories of the past, thereby diminishing uncertainty, and dev eloping routines to be imitated, and to shape future interactions within organizations (Cooper et al. 1981). Within this highly ambiguous organizational context, emergent management accounting routines for action and sensemaking

Othello Anger In The Play Essay Example For Students

Othello Anger In The Play Essay In the play Othello, the most powerful emotion is anger. This emotion helps to establish the plot, as it plays a vital role. Three characters that it affects in the play are Othello, Iago and Roderigo. All the characters vent their anger through violence and confrontations. Othello vents most of his anger by smothering Desdemona to death when she is on her deathbed. His anger slowly built up during the play, due to Iago falsely convincing him that Cassio and Desdemona are having an affair. It all starts when Othello sees Cassio and Desdemona together and Iago starts hinting at the possibility of an affair without actually coming out and saying it. O beware, my lord, of jealousy! / It is the green-eyes monster, which doth mock / The meat it feeds on. That cuckold lives in bliss / Who, certain of his fate, loves not his wronger (3.3.163-166). In this quote, Iago is telling Othello not be jealous of Desdemona, however in reality, he does want him to be jealous. The idea of jealousy prob ably wouldnt have entered his mind if it were not for Iago saying that. Iago also brings up the idea of Desdemona cheating on him here. He mentions cuckold, which means a man cheated sexually by his wife. Later on, Iago continues to torment Othello about Desdemona and Cassio. Lie with her? Lie on her? We say lie on her when they / belie her. Lie with her? Zounds, thats fulsome! It is not words that shakes me thus! Pish! / Noses, ears, and lips! Ist possible? Confess? / Handkerchief! O devil (4.1.35-36,41-43)! This shows that Othello is becoming completely overwhelmed by his passion and is getting very angry with Cassio and Desdemona. In the end, Othello becomes totally outraged and murders Desdemona by smothering her with a pillow. He also goes on to kill himself. Thus, his anger is vented through violence. Iagos anger leads to jealousy which leads to him corrupting Othellos mind for his own personal gain. Iago loved Desdemona, but Othello and her were already married, which created a problem for him, that he thought he could overcome. He believed that Othello and Desdemona should not be married and that he should be the one married to Desdemona. This also leads him to hate Othello (1.3.376-397). This hatred and anger towards Othello causes him to falsely convince Othello that Cassio and Desdemona are having an affair. His anger is so strong that he draws in Roderigo to play around with as a pawn. He had him draw Cassio into a fight to get Cassio fired. If I can fasten but one cup upon him, / With that which he hath drunk tonight already, / Hell be as full of quarrel and offence / As my young mistress dog. Now my sick fool Roderigo (2.3.44-47). This shows how he doesnt care what the consequences are to anybody else are, it is just the matter of how he achieves his own way. It also shows how he does not hesitate to bring anyone into his plan, even if it means that persons life is at stake. Thus, his anger is vented though non-physical violence. Roderigos anger seems to lean more towards Iago than anyone else. In the beginning, Roderigo is upset with Iago because he believes that Iago has cheated him. Later, at the end of act two, he threatens to with no money / at all, and a little more wit, return again to Venice (2.3.357-358). Here, Roderigo is angry about the way he has been beaten, and he threatens to return Venice. A little bit earlier, Iago had made Roderigo draw Cassio into a fight, so Cassio would get demoted. Roderigo was unaware of the consequences is quite upset about Iago not informing him of everything. In act four, Roderigo states that he will no longer endure it. / Nor is he yet persuaded to put in peace what already / he has foolishly suffered (4.3.177-179). Roderigo just keeps getting more angry with Iago. At the beginning of act five, Roderigo is overwhelmed with anger and rage that he and Cassio engage in a scuffle and Roderigo ends

Water Fall free essay sample

JOG FALLS Jog Falls, created by the Sharavathi River falling from a height of 253 meters is the highest plunge waterfall in India Located in Shimoga District of Karnataka, these segmented falls are a major tourist attraction. It is also called by alternative names of Gerusoppe falls, Gersoppa Falls and Jogada Gundi. Associated with the waterfall is the nearby Linganmakki Dam across river Sharavathi, and the hydro-electric power station that it serves. The power station has been operational since 1949, and is, at 1200 MW capacity, one of the largest hydro-electric stations in India and a significant source of electric power for Karnataka. The power station was previously named Krishna Rajendra hydro-electric project, after the King of Mysore at that time. The name was later changed to Mahatma Gandhi hydro-electric Project. It was served by Hirebhaskara dam until 1960. After 1960, thanks to visions of Sir M. Visvesvarayya, Linganmakki Dam, built across river Sharavathi is being used for power generation. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Fall or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Before the onset of monsoon, when there is not much water in the Linganmakki dam, the mighty Jog Falls are nearly unrecognizable. Instead of the roar and the spray and the massive flow of water, there are only a pair of thin streams of water trickling down the cliff. If you happen to ask any of the local people what happened to the falls, they would tell you that the authorities open the dam only during weekends, when there are a lot of tourists to view it. During the monsoon of 2007, due to heavy rains the authorities at the falls had to open the dam. Due to this the water falls was seen at its best. Unfortunately this also resulted in the flooding of many villages down the river, destroying crops and the fishing industry for weeks. Many of the pictures in the gallery and the picture displayed alongside show the falls during that time.

The Emotional Impact of the Civil War essays

The Emotional Impact of the Civil War essays The Civil War began July1861 when Union troops set out for Richmond, Virginia. They met Confederate forces soon after the left at a small stream in Virginia called Bull Run. The carnage that followed showed the nation that the war was anything but civil. In this war fathers fought sons, brothers fought brothers, and families fought themselves. This no doubt left emotional scars for everyone involved. An example of the emotional impact that the war had left on the soldiers, the families, and the nation is "The Slopes of War" by N.A Perez. This book is about the Summerhill family, which is going through the Civil War. Rebekah Summerhill has three family members who are fighting in the war. Buck Summerhill, Rebekah's brother, is accompanied by his friend Tully Willard. They are both privates in the Union Army. Custis and Mason Walker, Rebekah's cousins, are privates in the Confederate Army. During their childhood Rebekah, Buck, Custis, and Mason were close since the both grew up in the same area. Because of this Buck and Rebekah has the emotional dispute of fighting their own blood in a war. The purpose of this thesis is to show the emotional impact the Civil War had on the people involved. And how " The Slopes of War" portrayed it. I will show examples of this in a letter by Jno. D. Dameron, another letter by JN Bennet, and a song called, "The Prisoner's Hope" by George F. Root. The letter by Jno. D. Dameron is to his father. In it he writes about his father not writing to him, 'I had concluded that I could not write to any more until I had received a letter from home." (Dameron, letter by author, December 1862) This shows how homesick Dameron was. This is exactly how Buck felt during the first parts of the book, "We're getting close to home" (The Slopes of War, N.A. Perez, PG 3) The quote came from when Buck's squadron is heading towards Gettysburg, Buck's hometown. This I think shows that most of the soldiers, Union and Confed...

Free Essays on A New Look

A New Look The Duke of Buckingham had this to say about literature: â€Å"Of all the arts in which to excel, nature’s chief masterpiece is writing well.† The production of great literature doesn’t lie within the grips of gender or race, yet, instead, it flourishes by the genius behind it. Great writers possess abilities to empathize with their readers. An area to consider is how different writers emphasized literature’s rise of modernization and society’s feelings of isolation. One example is Jane Austen’s traditional classic, Pride and Prejudice. This piece of literature exhibits the time period’s life style and significance by giving the readers a feel of what would be of importance to a typical family in relation to the time period. Austen’s novel contains many personalities of that era, as well as emphasizes the importance of marriage, education, and justice in their society. In contrast, Fyodor Dostoevesky’s modern novel, Notes from the Underground, portrays the feeling of every man being on his own. Dostoevesky creates his character, the underground man, to be an extreme example of isolationism, therefore, captivating the feeling of the world after its loss of hope in World War I. This loss is pointed with special focus towards the feeling of the soldiers in the trenches. Leo Tolstoy’s novel, The Death of Ivan Illyich, is a novel which creates both a modern and traditional atmosphere. Tolstoy’s character, Illyich, in contrast to the underground man from Dostoevesky’s novel, is able to illustrate the importance of a good lifestyle and success, while still showing the idea of every man for himself. The rise of modernism in literature went alongside with the rise of the feeling of isolationism in the world. This is illustrated throughout the works of Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Illyich, and Dostoevesky’s Notes From the Underground. As mentioned, the portrayal... Free Essays on A New Look Free Essays on A New Look A New Look The Duke of Buckingham had this to say about literature: â€Å"Of all the arts in which to excel, nature’s chief masterpiece is writing well.† The production of great literature doesn’t lie within the grips of gender or race, yet, instead, it flourishes by the genius behind it. Great writers possess abilities to empathize with their readers. An area to consider is how different writers emphasized literature’s rise of modernization and society’s feelings of isolation. One example is Jane Austen’s traditional classic, Pride and Prejudice. This piece of literature exhibits the time period’s life style and significance by giving the readers a feel of what would be of importance to a typical family in relation to the time period. Austen’s novel contains many personalities of that era, as well as emphasizes the importance of marriage, education, and justice in their society. In contrast, Fyodor Dostoevesky’s modern novel, Notes from the Underground, portrays the feeling of every man being on his own. Dostoevesky creates his character, the underground man, to be an extreme example of isolationism, therefore, captivating the feeling of the world after its loss of hope in World War I. This loss is pointed with special focus towards the feeling of the soldiers in the trenches. Leo Tolstoy’s novel, The Death of Ivan Illyich, is a novel which creates both a modern and traditional atmosphere. Tolstoy’s character, Illyich, in contrast to the underground man from Dostoevesky’s novel, is able to illustrate the importance of a good lifestyle and success, while still showing the idea of every man for himself. The rise of modernism in literature went alongside with the rise of the feeling of isolationism in the world. This is illustrated throughout the works of Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Illyich, and Dostoevesky’s Notes From the Underground. As mentioned, the portrayal...

Case Study on ToyEdu. Creating Business Opportunity Essay

Case Study on ToyEdu. Creating Business Opportunity - Essay Example The company believes that their newly launched product will be a trend-setter in the toy industry. Its unique features will create attraction among the children in the initial stages. ToyEdu feels that the more the children can learn the basic educational tips, the more successful the company can be. ToyEdu’s objectives are very clear. It believes that the creative line of products waiting to be launched in the market of the United Kingdom will be the key to success. They wish to adopt strict financial controls that will reduce their operational cost, thus, enhancing their marginal cost. Furthermore, the company wishes to have a unique team of research and development, which will enable them to respond to the customer’s feedback and develop their products accordingly. The business plan that has been outlined in the proposal consists of the marketing and promotional strategy of the company to inform potential clients about the product. It includes few opportunities for t he business clients in toy industry who may be interested to buy the patent right of the product. The operational plan has been designed in such a way that will be suitable to meet the demand of both the segments, namely the individual consumers and the business clients. ... Traditionally, toys were considered as an equipment of amusement for the children. However, in the recent times, toys have been linked with education for creating the view that learning is fun. Thus, ToyEdu is initially targeting the UK markets, before spreading their businesses globally. Consisting of a handful of employees mostly in the manufacturing department, ToyEdu is looking forward to increase its client base all over the United Kingdom. The company claims to have a unique line of products which will be able to attract customers from different age groups. The financial strength of the company is not that strong compared to the competitors. Therefore, ToyEdu wants to see their company on the stock markets of the UK and establish its image as a renowned manufacturer of educational toys in the global markets. Market Requirement Analysis United Kingdom’s market for toys has been growing gradually. Lots of toys are being imported from the Asian countries especially from mai nland China as well as Hong Kong (Alibaba.com, 2012). Thus, the potential growth of a company producing toys in and around the UK is assumed to have an impact in the markets comprising of individual consumers and wholesalers. Therefore, a launch of products is intended to be made concerning both the segments. The company believes that their products will be able to attract the individual consumers who are the parents, grand parents and other near ones of a particular child. Additional to the individual consumers, the company also wants to target their products to the wholesalers such as schools, day-care centres and companies who are in the toy industry. It has been decided that traditional approach of

Leisure and recreation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Leisure and recreation - Essay Example The media boom has definitely resulted in the "active" forms of entertainment taking a back seat. Leisure is time spent in non-compulsory activities. Because leisure time is free from compulsory activities such as job, running a business, performing daily chores, academics and other routine tasks, it is often referred to as "free time". The distinction between leisure and compulsory activities is not strict, as compulsory activities may be done for pleasure as well as for long-term utility1. Capitalist societies often hold a positive view towards active leisure activities. Many active leisure activities require an investment of time and money. Thus, it is more difficult for the e lesser privileged to engage in such activities and they remain confined only to the affluent section of the society. Capitalist societies often accord members who have more wealth with greater status. Some types of inactive leisure that also require an investment of time and money, such as "doing nothing" in a vacation atmosphere, are also viewed positively. On the other hand, an individual who "does nothing" at home is often referred to as "lazy" by others in the capitalist society, regardless of their financial and socio-economic status. The wealthy person who does nothing but lounge around the pool at home is seen as lazy. However, the individual's financial investment helps assess the level of status an activity can give a person. So it is that "doing nothing" by your own pool has higher status than "doing nothing" watching television without cable. The term "Workaholics" describes those who work compulsively at the expense of other activities. These individuals prefer to work rather than spend time socializing and engaging in other leisure activities. Many see this as a necessary sacrifice to attain high-ranking corporate positions. However, these days increasing attention is being given to the effects of such imbalance upon the worker and the family. Historically, "workaholics" would not have been considered a negative asset , rather they would have been highly commended in the US. In earlier days, American society was driven by the Protestant work ethic which was inspired by the Protestant preacher John Calvin. There are a variety of Protestant sects that stem from Calvinism. A socialist society would probably tend to view activities that do not contribute to society in a negative manner. However, there are different forms of socialism. According to Kent State University professor Marcus Verhaegh, there were Americans who believed in the concept of leisure socialism in the 1960s and '70s. The general belief was that we live in a world of plenty. Thus, if everyone is content with a smaller piece of the pie, everyone can then have their basic needs met. If everyone's basic needs are met, many in society can use their free time to pursue the arts, mysticism, athletics, various hobbies and other leisure activities. Socialist writer E. Belfort Bax wrote in 1884 of a similar vision for socialist Europe in the article "Socialism and the Sunday Question" for Justice Again that work should be spread about so that everyone is provided with times of rest. His focus was on the elimination of one universal day of rest, but the general ideas are quite similar to those that emerged in nineteenth century America. Recreation is defined as the employment of time in a non-profitable way, in many ways also a therapeutic refreshment of one's body

The Unity of Heaven and Human Essay Example for Free

The Unity of Heaven and Human Essay Your assignment is to write a paper that compares and contrasts the ideas of any two of the following three philosophers: Confucius (aka Kongzi), Mozi, Zhuangzi. In your comments, you should try to adopt the perspective of one of these three thinkers. For example, if you are comparing Confucius and Zhuangzi you might present Zhuangzi’s perspective on Confucius: Which of his ideas are similar to your own and therefore worthy of praise? Which ideas are different from your own and therefore reprehensible? Six different permutations are possible: Confucius on Mozi Mozi on Confucius Zhuangzi on Mozi Mozi on Zhuangzi Zhuangzi on Confucius Confucius on Zhuangzi The paper should be 3 pages (typed, double-spaced, with no unusually sized type fonts). It is due in class on Wednesday, October 16. Late papers will lose one grade step (e. g. B+ to B) immediately and an additional step every day until they are turned in. For your reference, I am putting the following books on Reserve in Hale Library: Vitaly Rubin, Individual and State in Ancient China. Arthur Waley, Three Ways of Thought in Ancient China Basic Writings of Mo Tzu, Hsun Tzu, and Han Fei Tzu, translated by Burton Watson Sources of Chinese Tradition, edited by Wm. Theodore de Bary The use of these books or any other sources apart from assigned class readings is entirely optional. Bear in mind that if you borrow any ideas from any printed sources (including books, articles and Web sites) you should indicate your source, and if you borrow their exact words you must use quotation marks. There is no need, however, to cite me for material in your notes that is based on class lectures and discussions. For course purposes, such material is considered to be in the â€Å"public domain. † In citing sources, for assigned reading and any of the four books listed above it’s OK to use a parenthetical citation such as (Ivanhoe, p. 109) or (Rubin, p. 25). If you cite any other sources, it would be best to provide a footnote or endnote providing full bibliographical information in the first instance. Please check with me if you are unsure how to proceed.

Stanley Kubricks The Shining Essay examples -- Kubrick Shining Horror

Stanley Kubrick's The Shining (1980) initially received quite a bit of negative criticism. The film irritated many Stephen King fans (and King himself) because it differed so greatly from the novel. The Shining also disappointed many filmgoers who expected a conventional slasher film. After all, Kubrick said it would be "the scariest horror movie of all time."1 Kubrick's films, however, never fully conform to their respective genres; they transcend generic expectations. In the same way that 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) is not just another outer-space sci-fi flick, The Shining is not a typical horror movie. The monsters in The Shining originate not from dark wooded areas, but from the recesses of the mysterious human mind-in broad daylight, at that. Perhaps Kubrick said The Shining is "the scariest horror movie of all time" not because it offers a bit of suspense, blood, and gore, but because it shines a light on the inherently evil nature of humankind on psychological and sociol ogical levels. After Kubrick bought the rights to Stephen King's 1977 novel The Shining and hired novelist Diane Johnson to help write the screenplay, both Johnson and Kubrick read Freud's essay on "The Uncanny" and Bruno Bettelheim's book about fairy tales, The Uses of Enchantment.2 Kubrick obviously wanted to surpass the intellectual depth of contemporary horror films such as The Exorcist and Omen. He said he was attracted to Stephen King's novel because "there's something inherently wrong with the human personality. There's an evil side to it. One of the things that horror stories can do is to show us the archetypes of the unconscious: we can see the dark side without having to confront it directly." 2 In order to transfer his vision of the "dark side" to the screen, however, Kubrick had to substantially alter the story in King's novel. With the help of Johnson, Kubrick threw out most of King's ectoplasmic interventions-many ghosts, the demonic elevator, the deadly drainpipe, the swarming wasps, and the sinister hedge animals that come to life. Apparently Kubrick could not find special effects to animate the shrubbery in a satisfactory manner. 2 Kubrick also dispensed with virtually all of Jack Torrance's troubled history and his gradual descent into insanity. Jessie Horsting, author of Stephen King at the Movies, said, " I loathed The Shining when it fir... ...e film with a shot evocative of Michael Snow's Wavelength1 which moves down a corridor and into a photograph, after which a dissolve provides still closer scrutiny of the photograph. The photograph shows a grinning Jack at the Overlook Hotel July 4th Ball in 1921. The date links America's independence with senseless violence, and the image of Jack suggests that his sanity now exists only in the past, while his "dark side" remains frozen in the snow-covered maze outside. In addition, as the film ends, Kubrick uses the sound of applause to blend the contemporary movie audience with the 1920s audience. The 1920s audience then begins to chatter as filmgoers would when exiting the theater. The contemporary audience members, therefore, usually overlook this soundtrack-just as they overlook Native American genocide and other instances of humanity's violence against humanity. Thus, even through its final credit sequence, The Shining attempts to disrupt the complacency and security of the audience-to hold up a mirror to viewers to show them that they were and are the guests at the Overlook Ball. For this reason, perhaps, Kubrick said The Shining is "the scariest horror movie of all time."

Explore the Subject of ‘Self Disclosure’ by Counsellors

Explore the subject of ‘self disclosure' by councellors Disclosure in the dictionary is ‘the act of revealing and exposing to view' My understanding of self disclosure in this context is to mean revealing the counsellors personal information and emotions. In this unique relationship this is to be expected when the client is communicating, in fact it is actively encouraged, because that is their roll in the therapeutic relationship. However my exploration will concern when is it acceptable for the counsellor to talk about themselves or their own feelings? Counsellors must speak since this is a talking therapy and surely every word and response is a form of self disclosure, yet what is said can have serious consequences. I will demonstrate how and when this can hurt or assist the client. When I began having personal counselling myself, I expected a relationship like a close friendship, I found the fact that this ‘expert' had the answers, but didn't offer them to me, which was at times very frustrating. My counsellor was psychodynamic and I am now aware that different styles of counselling accept a more open, less restricted, approach to self disclosure. Since this is however a psychodynamic course, I will endeavour to, within length limitations, give an outline of the important issues using this approach to the subject, illustrated with bibliography, class learning and personal experience of being a client. Our professional roll as counsellors incorporates enforcing certain boundaries, even on our ability to speak candidly about what we feel and think. The client is encouraged to talk openly and freely, to help them to learn from the exploration of their problems. However when using the psychodynamic approach we withhold our own knowledge and experiences, although sometimes it may appear to be appropriate and useful to the client. It can often be quite difficult to do this, especially when clients are asking us questions, but once we have started revealing personal details, it may be difficult to stop. We should be aware that a client could also be trying to get the counsellor to verbalise as a form of resistance or defence, to avoid talking about and facing their own problems. I agree with Freud's view; â€Å"It might be expected that it would be quite allowable and indeed useful, with a view to overcoming the patient's existing resistances, for the doctor to afford him a glimpse of his own mental defects and conflicts, and, by giving him information about his own life enable him to put himself on an equal footing†¦.. I have no hesitation in condemning the technique as incorrect. † (quoted by M. Jacobs 1992; 84) Non verbal communication is very important, as we as counsellors can learn from client's body language, we must take care that the client does not read ours. Freud preferred the client to recline on a couch for just such a reason, he said â€Å"I do not wish my expressions of face to give the patient material for interpretation, or to influence him in what he tells me. † (quoted by M. Jacobs 1992; 84) The counsellor today however, must learn to control their immediate reactions, particularly the negative ones of shock or disapproval, verbal or otherwise. During my personal experience of being a client, I noticed that my counsellor came to grimace at the mention of the name of one of my close supportive friends, and I later realised, through things she said, that she felt some rivalry towards this person. This self disclosure of her counter-transference feelings was very damaging to our relationship. We have to be very aware of our clients reactions to what we say and do, in this way, even if we have made a mistake, our positive responses to the error can be useful instead of damaging to the client. Self disclosure may be invited by the client's inappropriate feelings towards us as counsellors. These transference reactions, may be worded and feel like, a personal attack or question, worthy of a personal reply. However it is important to realise that the client is saying something significant, but it is not about us, so self disclosure is not necessary. It is important that we remain neutral to encourage this transference to occur. M. Jacobs gives this reason: â€Å"The psychodynamic counsellor, like the analyst, wishes to encourage the client to speak of the ideas and images that come from within himself, rather than those which are suggested directly by the counsellor, or by signs which the counsellor gives. † (1994 27) So when we are surprised by a personal enquiry of this type, it is better to look through the distortion and use an appropriate response such as â€Å"I wonder why that is important to you? or even â€Å"It seems as if I was reminding you of someone else? † Not looking at their motivation is a missed opportunity for the client to gain a deeper understanding of their present reactions towards other people. If we take a neutral roles the client is the only one introducing their beliefs, expectations or thoughts into the room. In the early days of being a client myself, I had an experience of this linking not being done. My counsellor revealed that she had taken my questioning of her ability personally. She said my doubts had hurt her feelings, this disclosure was particularly damaging as I felt angry at that time, but had no wish to hurt her again, so could not express my negative feelings. The counsellors counter-transference feelings can lead to either positive or negative disclosure, we must learn to discriminate between the two kinds. Brown and Pedder use this clear definition; â€Å"Winnicott often distinguishes between ‘objective' and appropriate counter-transference and ‘subjective' aspects which stem more from our own situational or unresolved personal issues. (1991; 62) The former is helpful, identifying with the client's situation through empathy allows us to tune in to and reflect back their unconscious thoughts and feelings. These can be hidden behind dreams, stories and defences. When we as counsellors use a response such as â€Å"I wonder if under this there's some anger? † or â€Å"I feel as though I would have been upset about that, but you don' t seem concerned†¦ † it allows our diclosure of our own responses to challenge the client's view of the world, which can be a beneficial breakthrough for them. Alternately expressing feelings that come from our own past and counter-transference can have devastating results. I can remember an occasion in class, during a roll play, when someone playing the counsellor had so much in common with his ‘client's' experiences, that his counter-transference nearly tempted him to say; â€Å"That's what happened to me†¦ don't make the same mistakes I did, this is what I learnt from the experience†. He resisted the temptation†¦ and when reviewing the session in the class he asked the ‘client' what his response would have been if he had revealed this about himself†¦ he client replied â€Å"how can you know what I am feeling? your circumstances are not the same as mine, I don't want to hear about you! † The kind of unsolicited self disclosure he was considering may have caused a huge amount of potentially damaging, anger and resentment towards the counsellor. So in conclusion, when is self disclosure helpful or ha rmful to the client? This is a professional relationship and not a social one, so different rules of disclosure do apply, hopefully theory may be enhanced by expertise and we may learn to modify these rules slightly for different clients. I think that this is an unusual and special alliance and it is vital for the client to learn to see a counsellor as ‘real', a human being, personally involved in and interested by their problems, someone they can identify with and learn to trust. Some self disclosure is helpful, if not essential, for building this part of the therapeutic relationship. Sometimes it is impossible not to reveal personal details, such as your holiday arrangements, health or appearance, the client may also ask questions for information or through their transference. The fact that the counsellor does not have to reveal personal details can increase personal security and enhance their involvement. Gently exploring with the client why they feel they need to know, is the most helpful kind of response. Self disclosure is damaging when the information is unsolicited, or when the counsellor gives answers which evoke an emotional response in the client. As a client myself, I found that my counsellor's revelations had damaging effects on me, maybe because the feelings they aroused in me were never resolved satisfactorily, even by lengthy discussion. This eventually led to my change of counsellor, which was a depressing and painful, experience and shows how destructive self disclosure can be to the therapeutic relationship. It even caused me to question the process itself, not for the reason I expected, because I didn't get my questions answered, but because I did! Although it may be difficult for the new client or inexperienced counsellor to adjust to, it is a time for the client to explore their feelings, make their choices and find their own answers. Maybe with experience and true self awareness we can learn to keep the focus naturally on the client, finding the balance of openness and rofessionalism that is needed to help them most of all. Brown & Peddar Introduction to Psychotherapy, 2nd Edition, Tavistock Publications, 1991 Jacobs, M Freud, Sage Publications Ltd. Jacobs, M Psychodynamic Counselling In Action, Sage Publications Ltd. 1994 Jacobs, M Still Small Voice, S. P. C. K. 1993 Kennedy & Charles On Becoming a Counsello r 1973 Oldfield S The Counselling Relationship Routeledge Press Psychodynamic Counselling vol. 1 No. 1

Role Management in Workplace

Role Management in the Workplace Role Management to me seems to be all about delegation. It helps you to decide who does what and who handles what. Management in psychology probably would be the same way designate responsibilities and also delegate so that each person could know what it is that they are going to do. I would say put people where they excel if you know someone has a strong suit then that is where they will best excel and get the job done. If a person is a great school counselor then they should be counseling at a school, if they work well in a clinical setting then that is the setting they should be in. Ayame may not be good in the confrontational aspect, and that is probably for not for her. Sometimes people are soft-spoken and don’t deal well with confrontation so in turn how can you really be motivated to do something that really doesn’t make you happy. I think it is really hard to receive feedback if people really can’t understand where you are coming from and maybe her culture isn’t really a confrontational culture and she is more reserved and laid back. Then again that may not really be the role for Ayame in delegating it is a manager’s responsibility to see what skills their employees have and what they are good at. Since Ayame is a project manager that means that she is in charge of managing other people and if she isn’t motivated to do her job how can she really motivate a team of people to get their jobs done as well. Everyone has their role in a workplace and if they can’t handle it then maybe that really isn’t the role for them. Cultural Background Some countries are more reserved and not quite so confrontational and maybe that is what Ayame’s problem is. Americans are aggressive and Japanese tend to be a little more laid back and hard working. Herzberg believes that with job satisfaction is what motivated people especially Japan. The way she is receiving feedback may be a way that she isn’t used to because she is not handling the situation confrontational. She may not be really comfortable with how things are done at her job because not all cultures handle things the same way. It seems as though Ayame may not have that go hard mentality and that’s just because of what she is used to. The Japanese are not like Americans and where they are different is that Americans can be confrontational whereas Japanese are more reserved. Ayame may just need to meet with her boss and find out what it is that she needs to do differently or maybe that isn’t the job for her. She can have a sit down and address ways she feels that she may excel better and see if those ways work and if they can implement them, because not everything has to be confrontational and some people handle it better with finesse. Motivation Techniques Motivation is the process by which a person’s effort are energized, directed, and sustained toward attaining a goal. I think the goal setting theory is great theory because sometimes goals push people further so that they can go further than they normally would if there were no goals set in place. Then when you are rewarding employees for achieving those goals it makes it even better because it feels as though their hard work has paid off and that just makes them want to work harder. I think when goals are put in front of you if you are a harder worker then you are going to do what you need to make sure you achieve them. When employers reward employee’s incentives do make people work harder because it means that there is something to look forward to. I also think a good technique is to see your manager working hard too it’s one thing to just designate but to help your employees and take time to make sure they understand the task makes them feel inspired and shows them that you care and that you actually want them to succeed. References 1). Decenzo, D. , & Coulter, M. (2011). Fundamentals of Management: Essential Concepts and Applications (7th ed. ). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall.

What Is Your Idea Of A Healthy Community Provide Specific Examples

What Is Your Idea Of A Healthy Community Provide Specific Examples What Is Your Idea Of A Healthy Community Provide Specific Examples. What Do Healthy Communities – Coursework Example Healthy Community What is Your Idea Of A Healthy Community? Provide Specific Examples Healthy community is something that provides an individual as well as families a physical, social and economic environment within which they can achieve optimal well-being and physical health. A healthy community always encourages and influences one to lead a better quality life (Health Resources in Action, 2001). The community of Phoenix, Arizona can be considered as an example where there has been an improvement in the quality of air due to current restrictions in cigarette smoking in all public space. The hospitals, parks, recreational areas and schools are located at a distance that can be accessed through walking from every local community. However, focus is necessary for the general health of people within the region to establish a healthy community (Health Resources in Action, 2001). What Do Healthy Communities Have In Common?There are certain aspects that are common in all health communities . These can be comprehended from the points provided hereunder. Participatory model which seems to have grown from both top down to ground upAcquiring proper funding to support the Healthy community projectsActions, ideas and solutions are derived from the association of various groups involved Consideration and reflection of the local values Managing conflicts by dialogue and conciliationIdentification as well as resolution of the prevailing issues by the leadersResidents of the community have a common vision of their future collectively that helps them to get motivated which further unite to face the challenges Institutions and organizations foresee and transform to an ever-changing environment Source: (Health Resources in Action, 2001)How Would You Provide Care For A Community If Your Idea Of A Healthy Community Does Not Match Your Communitys Definition Of A Healthy Community?In this case, it would be necessary to understand the drawbacks of the community and identify the issues that are necessary to be focused. Based on the analysis, required initiatives should be taken to make an effective community health project that would serve beneficial for the community. Moreover, I would also encourage people living in the community to participate in the health programs. ReferenceHealth Resources in Action. (2001). Defining healthy communities. Retrieved from hria.org/uploads/catalogerfiles/defining-healthy-communities/defining_healthy_communities_1113_final_report.pdf

Easy on the adjectives - Emphasis

Easy on the adjectives Easy on the adjectives New research suggests that if you want your writing to be shared online then overusing adjectives is not wise, advisable, judicious, big or clever. [Mental note: should probably edit this.] The findings come from social media scientist Dan Zarrella, who aims in his book Zarrellas Hierarchy of Contagiousness to demystify social media marketing for the masses. After examining how often online content was shared, he came to one definite conclusion: the less complex the language, the more likely it was to be passed on. And, after studying which types of words were the most mobile, he found the biggest no-nos were adjectives and adverbs. This is actually a good tip for just about any writing. Its easy to imagine that cramming in adjectives will give your writing colour or help create more vivid images in your readers mind. But more often than not they do just the opposite, and merely add clutter that slows your reader down. Fledgling fiction writers are taught to adopt the lotus position and chant the mantra show, dont tell over and over until their posture is perfect and they never want to overdo the adjectives and adverbs again. But this advice evidently isnt only for creative writing. Its much better to choose verbs (the most-shared word type) and nouns that work hard, rather than using adjectives or adverbs as crutches for your writing to hobble along on. The finished piece will be tighter and more expressive for it. For example, instead of ran quickly, how about sprinted? Or bounded? See how either could replace the phrase, but each gives a very different and more distinct mental image? Sometimes adjectives are simply redundant. Forward planning, for example. Is anyone out there still planning what to do yesterday? Have a look at these (genuine) examples and spot the pointless words: Teen dies after fatal stabbing Gunned down by armed rebels A visual treat for the eyes Ill-chosen adjectives can also lead to unintentional silliness (which can be delightful for everyone but the writer): Stiff opposition expected to casket-less funeral plan Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after age 25 This isnt to say that all adjectives should be banned on pain of death. Mark Twain put it nicely, if youll forgive the adverb: When you catch an adjective, kill it. No, I dont mean utterly, but kill most of them then the rest will be valuable. They weaken when they are close together. They give strength when they are wide apart. Perhaps its worth thinking of them like magnets: repellent together, useful kept apart, and not recommended anywhere near computers.

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Marketing plan - Essay Example It should consider launching CIF in China keeping in mind the local tastes, culture and consumer habits. The short- and long-term marketing strategy have been suggested while also defining the control measures. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Marketing Audit 1 2.1 SWOT ANALYSIS – internal environment of Unilever 2 2.2 PESTEL Analysis 3 3. Marketing Objectives 6 4. Market Mix Analysis 4.1 Segmentation 6 4.2 Targeting 7 4.3 Positioning 7 5. Market entry 8 6. Implementation strategy 9 7. Gantt Chart 12 8. Contingencies and Controls 14 References 15 Appendices 18 1. Introduction Unilever, one of the world’s leading FMCG companies, headquartered in London, offers products across several categories including foods, home, and personal products (Datamonitor, 2010). Unilever’s strategic priorities are the developing and emerging economies. The company has a diversified product portfolio as well as a wide geographical reach which explains diverse revenue streams. It has a strong portfolio of over 400 brands. Approximately 49% of its revenues in FY2009 came from emerging economies. This gives the company the confidence to tap new opportunities in the existing emerging economies. While Unilever has a strong presence in China as is evident from their sales figures between 2004 and 2007 (Appendix A), they would like to introduce a new product in China – CIF dishwashing liquid. ... The Chinese FMCG market enjoys a balanced development both in the food and the non-food categories (Ryan, 2004). Despite the growth in the FMCG sector in China fueled by strong economic performance and higher disposable income, the sector is fragmented and still developing. An in-depth study of the competitive environment and consumer demand in the respective FMCG sector has to be conducted to understand the dynamics of that sector. These would include and understanding of the price dynamics, trade distribution, and consumption patterns (Moodle, 2005)). Thus, based on marketing audit, the short- and long-term marketing plan would be drawn up. 2. Marketing Audit The Chinese consumers demonstrate brand loyalty when it comes to foreign goods. However, marketing in developing economies differs from marketing the same product in developed in developed countries. International marketing requires the right business strategy and revolves around being competitive. The strategy can be devised after an assessment of the internal and the external business environment. The international marketing strategy has to depend upon the product characteristics, the time of entry, the consumer characteristics and the brand reputation (Ferner & Varul, 2000). Other factors that influence the marketing strategy include the differences in the culture, political stability, demographics, customer needs and government regulations. The business environment is constantly changing and marketing audit reviews the current situation based on which the marketing strategy can be devised. 2.1 SWOT ANALYSIS – internal environment of Unilever Strengths Unilever is a leading company dealing in FMCG with 270 manufacturing facilities across six

Macroeconomic Theory ECON302 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macroeconomic Theory ECON302 - Essay Example The effects of government intervention, primarily in the form of fiscal policy, works towards stabilizing the business cycle, through government spending (G) or flat rate tax (t). This helps to avert the effect of either recession or inflation. According to The Keynesian Income Model, the effect of government spending (G), is to stimulate economic activities through increasing the money available in circulation, which enhances the purchase of goods offered by businesses and thus uplifts the business cycle from recession back to boom (Salant, 69). On the other hand, the effect of a flat rate tax (t) is to reduce the rate of inflation, through the government reducing the money that is in circulation. This serves to reduce the prices charged for goods, since there is not much money circulating in the economy. The marginal propensity to import (f) is yet another factor that can play a role in correcting the imbalance on the business cycle. While there is much income within an income, an increased marginal propensity to import takes away income from the domestic economy to a different country, thus reducing the income. Alternatively, where there is low monetary circulation within an economy, a reduced propensity to import will serve to reduce e the money moved out of the economy, and thus increases the money circulating domestically (Carbaugh, 204). Question 2 The concept of short analysis refers to the economic aspect of analyzing the likely outcome of the production decisions by a firm in the near future, with the intention of explaining the likely future firm supply and its implications (Salant, 63). This analysis is pitched fundamentally on the law of diminishing marginal returns, where a firm experiences a decrease in marginal returns, on the event that variable inputs are added in larger amounts to a fixed variable (Carbaugh, 144). In this case, a short run analysis can take the form of assessing the impact of adding large amounts of variable inputs such as la bor, which can be added to a fixed variable such as capital. The effect is that the productivity of that firm will continue increasing as the quantity of labor is increased, until after a certain level of productivity, when any additional unit of labor to the fixed capital will result to corresponding reduced production units (Carbaugh, 236). The effect of expansionary fiscal and monetary policy is to increase the money that is circulating in the economy. Thus, the Impact of the expansionary monetary and fiscal policy in the SR under a closed economy is to lower the interest rates, increase the money supply and thus increase the quantity of goods and services demanded at a given price (Salant, 79). Question 3: The relationship between Balance of payments (BOP) and the foreign exchange markets There exists a relationship between the Balance of payments (BOP) and the foreign exchange markets in that; it is the foreign exchange rates that affect the prices at which a country trades its commodities (Carbaugh, 491). The Balance of payments accounts for the transactions that are made between a country and the rest of the world. The exports that a country makes to the rest of the world form the credit of the BOP, since they increase the mone

Femininity in the modern art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Femininity in the modern art - Essay Example For many years, painting has been considered as a form of art that is used for recreational purposes. The modern era, however, uses paintings a form of communication. People now use paintings as a form of expressing their views regarding certain societal issues that are of much concern. These emergences of new uses of paintings are regarded as the modernity of paintings. A good example of issues that have been greatly discussed by the use of paintings is femininity. For instance, Clark argues on the factors that might have been responsible for the options of modernity that eventually became to be regarded as the Manet territory. This case proves to the audience that artists have various impressions of their paintings. All that matters is the intended message and the target audience. This case also means that every painter has his or her own target audience. Femininity can be associated with the responsibilities that are often regarded as being directed to women. Therefore, some artis tic impressions can be associated to women. Female artists also have a say in the artistic world. For many years, men have been associated with performing various arts, as opposed to women. Therefore, it is time that the women in the society come out and show their ability in almost everything that men seem to outshine them in. good modernity examples that women would address in their pieces of art include modern life, the public modern, the issue of men and women involvement in the private sphere, and women and gaze.

Study of Demographics Essay Example for Free

Study of Demographics Essay The city of Wildwood is a sleepy city in the county of Sumter in Florida. It is a city which is primarily similar to the Wildwood’s initial economy that was put together around the lumber industry. A business man by the name of Barwick constructed and had possession of a timber mill close tor town. In the year of 1882 is when the railroad emanated to Wildwood in, and Wildwood became the hub for the railroad until the 1960’s and that is when Seaboard Coastline inaugurated â€Å"laying off† workers (Visit communities in Sumer, 2014). After Seaboard Coastline railroad degenerated in the 1960’s, there were a hardly any farsighted select few which were competent enough to efficaciously redirect the township. This is the point where a shopping center was constructed and it is when the Floridas Turnpike was completed in 1964 (soon followed by I-75), it was the efforts of J.W. Peebles and E.C. Rowell that got the Wildwood-. The U.S. census for 2010 demographic profile for Wildwood, Florida is the hub of transportation for the central western part of the state. Wildwood is where Interstate 75 and the Florida Turnpike intersects (Visit communities in Sumer, 2014) Wildwood’s has a total population of 3,551. The following 2010 U.S. census reports the housing status (in housing units unless noted) at a total of 2,197 of those 1,608 are occupied and of those 1,281 are owner-occupied. The population in owner-occupied (number of individuals) 2,731, those renter-occupied numbered at 327. Population in renter-occu pied dwellings (number of individuals) is valued at 820 of those households with individuals fewer than 18 estimated at 343. With the number of vacant properties was 589; there are 55 vacant for rent, 67 vacant and for sale. The population by sex and age; Male- 1,746 Female 1,805 Under 18 630 18 over 2,921 20 24 140 25 34 278 35 49 646 50 64 777 65 over 1,012 Population by Ethnicity; Hispanic or Latino -82 Non-Hispanic or Latino 3,469 Population by Race: White- 3,383 African American 52 Asian- 28 American Indian and Alaska Native- 10 (QuickFacts:Locate a counti.., 2012) The reported 2010 household income statistics for the City of Wildwood, Florida states that there are those who have less than $15,000 in earnings a year. With a mere 10% of families’ income is between $15,000 and $24,999, 15% of families income is $25,000 to $49,999, then 20% have between $35,000 to $49,999. The median wage of Wildwood is those making $50,000 to $74,999 are rated the most with a total of approximately 22%, and 5% earn $100,000.00 to $124,999, $124.999 to $149.999 is 5%, 1% earns $150.00 to $199,999.99 and 2% with earnings $200,000.00 (Wildwood, FL Household Incomes, 2012). Of those in the city of Wildwood the population was stretched out with 22.3% of the people are under age 18, 6.5% are between 18 to 24, 18.4% from 25 to 44, 19.0% are 45 to 64, and 33.8% who were 65 years of age or older. â€Å"The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females there were 83.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.2 males† (QuickFacts:Locate a counti.., 2012). The City of Wildwood’s educational level is based upon C LRsearch.com approximately 20% did not complete high school,40% completed high school, 20% had some college, 55 completed an associates program, 105 completed a bachelor degree program, and 55 had completed a Graduate Degree at age 25 or  more (Wildwood, Fla Education Le., 2012). Employment statistics for all potential employees (population age 16+); civilian males 195, civilian females 18%, 1% of males are in the armed forces, 0 females in service, 2% males and females unemployed, 28% males not among work force, and 32% of the females not in work force (Wildwood Employment, Occupation and Industry, 2012). The English language is the dominant language with Spanish coming in second amongst the city’s 42 ministries in Wildwood ranging from Baptist 6, Church of -1. Episcopal Church -1 Churches, Temples, and Shrines – 9, Christian and Reformed Church – 1, Brethren Church – 1, Miscellaneous Denomination Church 6 (Visit communities in Sumer, 2014), Industries associated with the trucking industry and lumber is a major factor in the economy and according to observation has that this city will continue to grow in these fields. The area’s geography, demographics, and tax deductions for businesses, fuel the motive for businesses to locate in Wildwood. It makes perfect sense since the area has plenty of labor; it is at the hub of Interstate 75 and the Florida Turnpike. The natives are well versed in English as the language of the majority. References QuickFacts:Locate a counti.. (2012, n.d. n.d.). Retrieved March 16th, 2014, from U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Census Bureau: http://quickfacts.census.gov/cgi-bin/qfd/lookup?state=12000 Visit communities in Sumer. (2014, n.d. n.d.). Retrieved March 16th, 2014, from Sumter County Chamber of Commerce: http://www.sumterchamber.org/sumter-government.asp Wildwood Employment, Occupation and Industry. (2012, n.d. n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2014, from CLRresearsh.com: http://www.clrsearch.com/Wildwood-Demographics/FL/Employment-Occupation-and-I

Samuel Clemens in Buffalo: A Woman and an Artist Essay -- Samuel Cleme

Samuel Clemens in Buffalo: A Woman and an Artist Preface While literary critics and historians alike have thoroughly examined the influence of Samuel Langhorne Clemens’ Missouri boyhood and foreign travels on his writing, scholars outside of Western New York consistently overlook the importance of the eighteen months he spent in Buffalo from August 1869 to March 1871. Though a Buffalo resident for the past twenty years, I was also only vaguely aware that Clemens passed through until Dr. Walter Sharrow of the Canisius College History Department mentioned his local stay. The suggestion that America’s best satirist lived in Buffalo—a location that could provide a contemporary wit with a wide range of material—tickled my historical sensibilities. Nearly immediately, I began to speculate why America’s most famous writer would migrate to Buffalo. After I discarded my first ideas—the weather, the Buffalo Bills, the efficiency and effectiveness of our local political leaders—I concluded it must be because of a woman. Indeed, my early research echoed this assumption, reinforcing my interest in Twain’s experience here and inspiring the first section of this paper. When furthering my research, I developed a second point of interest. Two local scholars, Martin B. Fried and Tom Reigstad both suggest that Buffalo was a major point of transition for Clemens. Fried writes, â€Å"His Buffalo experience, scanted in most biographies, has significance because it was the final stage in a long campaign for an artistic existence free of financial worries and of the burdens of journalistic writing.† This suggestion—that his time in Buffalo inspired his development from humorist and journalist to the novelist who produced Huck Finn—intrigued me de... ...287 _____________. 11 and 13 March 1871.Mark Twain’s Letters, vol. 4, 349-350. Langdon, Olivia. 17 June 1868. Mark Twain’s Letters, vol. 2, 286. Twain, Mark. â€Å"Salutatory,† Buffalo Express. August 21, 1869: reprinted in Joseph B. McCullough and Janice McIntire-Strasburg, Mark Twain and the Buffalo Express, 5. Twain, Mark. â€Å"A General Reply.† Buffalo Express. November 12, 1870: reprinted in Joseph B. McCullough and Janice McIntire-Strasburg, Mark Twain and the Buffalo Express, 254. Secondary Sources Martin B. Fried, â€Å"Mark Twain in Buffalo,† Niagara Frontier 5, no. 4 (Buffalo: Buffalo Historical Society, Winter 1959): 89. Justin Kaplan, Mr. Clemens and Mr. Twain, (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1966), 52. Joseph B. McCullough and Janice McIntire-Strasburg, Mark Twain and the Buffalo Express. DeKalb: Northern Illinois Press: 1999, xix.

Coping with Stress Essay

This project will take an issue that is very prominent in today’s society and attempt to look, in detail, how families of military war casualties are coping with the death of their loved ones and which coping strategies seem to be most influential in helping them get back to leading a life that closely resembles what they had before loss. This topic of military coping is important, especially in this time, because there have been so many casualties due to the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan (see Appendix A) By looking at these conflicts, but also those such as the Vietnam War and the Gulf War, we would essentially hope to find common themes or strategies that make coping just a little bit easier for those who are left on the home front. This topic is important to investigate because of the amount of people affected each day by military death- the total deaths are in the thousands and rising every moment. War is a phenomenon that is not going to be disappearing anytime soon, and if there is a way to help those being influenced by tragedy in a more efficient and effectual way, the benefits are immense. The audience for this study is most likely going to be students, but there is also the potential for the military to take an interest in order to help the families of the victims. Mental health counselors, community counselors and psychiatrists may find the information  from the study helpful because of the implications it will have on how people deal with death and how it may be possible to engage those dealing with death in better coping strategies. Much of what has been studied in the realm of coping and stress management has been done with the focus on the individual and how people deal with stress in general. This begs the question â€Å"what is stress?†. Stress is most commonly defined as a physical, mental, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension, and for the sake of this study that is the way it would be defined. Many researchers still feel that the term stress is highly ambiguous because there can be so many different levels. Stress can be caused by an event such as abuse, a natural disaster, an attack, a life threatening ordeal, or even just a dramatic unexpected change in lifestyle. Most of these topics have been studied, and through looking at this previous research, it is seen how very few researchers focus on how people cope with the stress of losing a loved one to an event such as war. Perhaps documentation of how people have coped with death throughout history is rare, or perhaps there has just not been a lot of studies done on the topic. When searching keywords such as â€Å"coping†, â€Å"death†, and â€Å"military† into a psychological search engine, only seven results were retrieved, and of those seven, there were only two or three that seemed they would benefit this research positively. These few articles that that were found that generally focused on post-traumatic- stress disorder, or PSTD. They studied (both quantitatively and qualitatively) how families felt they were influenced by the war, whether it by deployment, responsibility at home, the unknown, and of course, death. It was found that it is indeed important to look at everyone involved and try to work together to get through the trauma of war. The researches should not forget parent-child relations and should not forget that it takes time and understanding of an individual to help cope with the loss (Dekel et al., 2010, page). The other article that was looked at did not focus so much on a study, but the history of coping with loss during both war and peace times. It covered a broad range of time and explained how the military had continually developed counseling and groups to help those who were affected by the war. It looks at how the loss can be integrated into one’s life as a whole, and is looked at as positive for the  soldier (Bartone et al., 1994, page). This suggestion for coping, also known as hardiness in another article, seems to be a reoccurring idea when coping with trauma. If one can integrate the tragic event into their life and think of positive ways to let it influence them, they seem to be more likely to be able to deal with their stress or loss. Optimism was another element of this article, focusing on how if people believe that something is going to be positive, it has a greater impact on how they deal with stress (Maddi et al., 1999, page). Yet another strategy that can be involved with coping is forgiving. It is often through the idea of forgiving the person or people that harmed someone important to you can be a strong motivator to getting over a stressful situation because it allows some sort of closure and understanding (Hodgson et al., 2007, page). All of these factors- hardiness, forgiveness, empathy- must be taken into consideration while doing this research on coping. Historically research often focused on negative consequences of specific factors. We all know the effect that trauma, poverty, abuse, divorce, and other factors of such sort have on psychological development and what life long effects it has for an individual. In the last 20 to 30 years researchers finally began to shift their focus on resiliency and how people develop positive coping skills despite adverse life events. â€Å"The recent broadening of coping theory might be a reaction to to earlier conceptualizations of coping that neglected to include such aspects as goals, purpose, and meaning†. (Schwarzer & Luszczynska, 2008, p22) People want to feel successful in their lives and will look for opportunities for growth. They work hard for â€Å"more resources, desire to maximize gains, and build up resistance factors either to ward off future crisis or to grow and cultivate their capabilities for their own sake† (Schwarzer & Luszczynska, 2008, p22). Resilience studies with children and adolescents have identified the following major factors to play a role in buffering how they cope with stress and trauma: IQ, parental quality, connection to other competent adults, internal locust of control, and social skills (Tiet et al., 1998, p1191). In addition there have been many studies that focused on gender  differences when coping with stress and this are well documented when it comes to adults. â€Å"Research concerning gender differences that may influence coping in children and adolescents revealed mixed results.† (Eschenbeck et al., 2007, p18) This could be attributed to level of development, environmental factors, and gender socialization. The study completed by Eschenbeck and coleagues (2007) however demonstrated that â€Å"girls scored higher in seeking social support and problem solving† (Eschenbeck et al., 2007, p20). Other studies also identified that social supports and problem solving skills were most influential factors in coping with adverse life events and linked these factors with â€Å"greater social competence and fewer internalizing and externalizing behavior problems† (Clarke, 2006, p12) for children and adolescents. Children in military families are more often exposed to stressful situations. Yet according to reports from counselors and other school personnel military children tend to be resilient. â€Å" They are used to changing schools, enduring long separations from a parent, and saying goodbye to old friends and making new ones.† (Hardy, 2006, p11) These children often are being taken care of by family members other than their mothers and fathers, such as aunts, uncles, grandparents, or close family friends. They may experience relationship conflicts within the setting of their families as the boundaries of the family is shifted due to temporary and permanent losses. â€Å"The effects of this kind of loss are displayed in ways that potentially impede successful adolescent development.† (Huebner et al., 2007, p121) Much of the work with these youths have been focused on concept of fostering resiliency. This approach focuses on â€Å"(a) finding meaning, (b) tempering mastery, (c) reconstructing identity, (d) normalizing ambivalence, (e) revising attachment, and (f) discovering hope† (Huebner et al., 2007 p 120). It seems to be that choosing to research along the lines of how military death influences families will be a topic that has been studied little before, and thus hopefully the information that we gather will be helpful in organizing more constructive ways for families to cope with loss. Study Design It was determined that the setting for the research project would be twenty families with adolescents ages 12-18 chosen from the upstate New York region (Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse). The families selected would be those who have lost someone in the war within the last year. We would gather information through the use of personal interviews, family interviews, group discussions and observation. Using qualitative methods in this research will be more beneficial because it will better help us understand what people are directly feeling- we will be able to see their reactions and work with them and empathize with them to hopefully make them feel more comfortable. Using qualitative studies will also help us to see the reactions of those in the groups and if there are certain individuals who benefit from the interaction with others. We will also be able to better compare the depth of grief and the coping strategies to the others in the groups. Since it would be necessary to see how coping skills develop over a period of time, it seems that this study would be longitudinal, over the period of 6 months to a year. This would help us to see the progress of the individuals and of families in their ability to cope with having lost someone. Analysis of the study will be based on how well individuals and families are able to overcome loss and what social factors allowed them to get to a more stable state of being. To figure the results we will have looked at how the individual or family functioned when they first learned of the loss compared to how they functioned 6 months to a year down the road. If we have chosen someone who has lost their loved one more than 6 months ago at the beginning of the study, they will be a good point of reference as to where those who more recently lost someone should be in six months. It is easy to see this study in a circular formation due to the fact that deaths are still occurring and there are constantly more people and families to interact with. Potential Limitations The idea behind this research allows many different paths to explore, but that is also a challenge that must be faced. Each term we use in the research has to be clearly defined so that the people we are studying do not  get confused or put off by anything that may be asked. Also, it has to be taken into consideration that many people react different ways to trauma to begin with, and that may be hard to determine at first. Some people may get depressed, others may get angry, and yet others may just try to go on living as they were before. Each person spoken with will have to be individually looked at to determine their premier coping style and from that point progress will have to be determined. The type of death that each soldier faced is yet another factor to consider, as it may be easier for the family to deal with death of someone who was injured and then died from those injuries. If that is the case, there is more of a chance that the family got to say goodbye than if the soldier was killed unexpectedly by enemy troops in another country. One of the other important limitations to consider is the openness of the people and families being interviewed. They may see the death as a private family matter and thus have a hard time letting an outsider into the mix. All of these limitations, though, can hopefully be avoided or at least overcome, with patience, empathy and respect for all involved. References Bartone, P. & Ender, M. (1994). Organizational Responses to Death in the Military. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. Death Studies, 18, 25- 39. Cameron, A., Palm, K. & Follette, V. (2010). Reaction to stressful life events: What predicts symptom severity? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 645–649. Clarke, Angela (2006). Coping with interpersonal stress and psychosocial health among children and adolescents: a meta analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(1), 11-24. Dekel, R. & Monson, C. (2010). Military-related post-traumatic stress disorder and family relations: Current knowledge and future directions. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15, 303–309. Eschenbeck, H., Kohlmann, C.-W., Lohaus, A. (2007). Gender differences in coping strategies in children and adolescents. Journal of Individual Difference, 28 (1), 18-26. Hardy, L., (2006). When kids lose parents in our war in Iraq. The Education Digest, 72(4), 10-12. Hodgson, L. & Wertheim, E. (2007). Does good emotion management aid forgiving? Multiple dimensions of empathy, emotion management and forgiveness of self and others. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships SAGE Publications (www.sagepublications.com), 24(6), 931–949. Angela J Huebner, Jay A Mancini, Ryan M Wilcox, Saralyn R Grass, & Gabriel A Grass. (2007). Parental Deployment and Youth in Military Families: Exploring Uncertainty and Ambiguous Loss. Family Relations, 56(2), 112-122. Retrieved July 29, 2010, from Platinum Periodicals. (Document ID: 1260882231). Leland, A. & Oboroceanu, M.-J. (2010). American war and military operations casualties: Lists and statistics. Congressional Research Service, 7-5700. Retrieved July 29, 2010 from www.crs.gov (RL32492). Maddi, S. & Hightower, M. (1999). Hardiness and optimism as expressed in coping patterns. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice & Research. 51(2), 95-105. Schwarzer, R., & Luszczynska, A. (2008). The Prevention Researcher, 15(4), 22-24. Tiet, Q. Q., Bird, H. R., Davies, M., Hoven, C., Cohen, P., Jensen, P. S., & Goodman, S. (1998). Adverse life events and resilience. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(11), 1191-1201.

Personal application assignment Essay

Prompt 1 I am currently employed as the Assistant City Manager/Director of Economic Development with the City of Mount Rainier, a small municipality located in Prince Georges County, Maryland. Mount Rainier is a historic residential community that borders the District of Columbia. Within the last several months, the city has been exploring the option of redeveloping its downtown district with the aims of removing blight and increasing tourism. In addition, the City of Mount Rainier has been trying to brand a new identity. As Assistant City Manager/Director of Economic Development, my role is to develop a plan that will aid the city in the revitalization its downtown retail and commercial district making it a desirable destination place. Currently, the downtown area lacks a mass of shopping, dining, and entertainment to attract visitors or residents. Along with spearheading these efforts, I am also responsible for finding funding to aid the city improve the public infrastructure that will aid in the revitalization of the downtown area. Evidently, the organization’s current orientation towards the tourism market is weak. The population has not yet been well oriented in the details of the tourism industry despite the city’s significant potential in the business. At the moment, Mount Rainier is not an obvious tourist destination. While the city does have a mix of tourist products and activities of interest for visitors, there are currently not enough infrastructures, enterprise motivation, and marketing advertisements to make a significant part of the tourism market take notice of such products. Future development in Mount Rainier will not just create a space for tourist, but will aid the city market its underutilized areas. The target customers are the local community, developers/investors and the focus is on the tourism market. It is recognized that the current economic crisis has actually caused a decline in out-of-the-country tourism for Americans and more and more Americans are going on vacation at locations in their own state or in other nearby states (Brown, 2008; Julio, 2008). This provides a market opportunity for the organization to take advantage of. Currently, the organization does not have a formal customer service rating system that can adequately measure customer satisfaction. Data on customer satisfaction is basically sourced through word-of-mouth and through survey forms given out independently by various tourism oriented services. Based on the previous topics, strong marketing and customer service management systems need to be established for the organization to take the first step in realizing its long term goals in the tourism industry. Prompt 2 The value creation and delivery sequences of the departments valued core competencies is coordinating how the City of Mount Rainier markets itself to businesses and developers, ensuring the implementation of financial packaging for development, attraction and retention. â€Å"Providing a value through specific product features, service development, pricing, sourcing and making the offer†(Kotler and Keller, 2008, p. 21). In other words, the value creation and delivery process in which has been created, gives the city the capability to understand and capture customer value, allowing the right activities for strategic planning in marketing economic development in the City of Mount Rainier. Specifically, the value chain in the organization’s efforts on tourism development begins with the identification of key tourism demands. It proceeds from this point to the customization of available resources to meet such identified demands. Finally, the products that address the identified demands are marketed and released. In line with this value chain, the core competencies of the organization include a strong expertise in conducting quantitative and qualitative research and managing communications between investor and investment representatives. Strength in formal research is known to be one of the effective components of business decision making (Hanson, 2008). With this core competency, an organization can realistically predict market outcomes and take advantage of identified opportunities. On the other hand, effective communications management is also essential in investment relations management. When an organization is able to maintain excellent communication lines, the risk of miscommunication is reduced, thereby allowing the organization to present and gather information from relevant groups accurately (Giannetto, 2006). According to Kotler and Keller, â€Å"a clear and thoughtful mission statement provides employees with a shared sensed of purpose, direction, and opportunity†(p. 27). The City of Mount Rainier’s value chain is driven by the mission statement which employees the department of economic development so heavily rely upon. As an organization, the City of Mount Rainier ‘s department of economic developments purpose is the coordination, planning, supervision, and in some cases, the execution of all programs, policies, proposals, and functions related to economic development. MDED also advises the Mayor and citizens on the most effective allocation of public resources devoted to economic development in the City. The vision of the organization is a city that is able to maximize all of its available resources and attract investors in developing all of its potential services. This envisioned city is has a stable, flourishing economy that is well managed by its officials who are empowered with decision-making information based on valid and reliable research. The mission-vision of the organization definitively plots the course of its strategic planning by setting reasonable short-term and achievable long term goals. On the short-term, the goal based on the mission is to identify key areas of development where the organization can recommend city funding to be utilized with the best possibilities for the greatest returns on investment. On the long-term, this organization intends to follow through with identified areas of development and establish programs that can explore such potentials completely. With the vision as its guiding perspective on what is the ideal, the organization studies how other cities are able to achieve similar goals in the past and determines the extent of applicability of such strategies to the City of Mount Rainier. Prompt 3 Using a classical approach, the City of Mount Rainier Department of Economic Development conducts its marketing research using an in-house research approach. The first step to this approach is drafting a brief by the manager discussing the area selected for the project. In the latter, Mayor and Council is provided with a verbal explanation and description of what is required, together with relevant background documents and samples of products or demonstration of services to be studied. Then Mayor and Council will hold public hearings to seeking the views of citizens on the proposed project. In addition, to conducting in-house marketing research the City contracts marketing research consultants to aid the city in determining the right development to build a healthy economy and increasing property tax dollars for the city. Thus, identifying and targeting development that that will be a good fit for the municipality. This approach to decision making provides a way of assessing the value of additional information that maybe inaccessible to staff. Another key aspect to this marketing research approach strategically shows comprehensive demographics, consumer demand and other feasibility studies that will be very costly and time consuming for a very small agency to conduct. Socio-cultural factors affect the intended clients since such factors are a part of the tourism experience. Many customers wish to have different cultural experiences and so diversity plays an important role. Situational factors, specifically natural phenomenon can greatly affect customer’s purchasing decisions as well. For example, the occurrence of a natural disaster such as an earthquake or hurricane can make customers shy away from the products even after rebuilding for fear of the occurrence repeating itself. On the other hand, other situations such as the occurrence of something noteworthy can be a positive factor that can draw customers to purchase tourism products. Prompt 4 The primary customer segments that the City of Mount Rainier Department of Economic Development target and provide services to are the community and investors/developers. The difference between the two entities is only what each requires from the City. As a local government, the community defines the development process challenging the undesirable and unacceptable disparities that may affect their quality of living. In other words, the community’s needs are to keep the nature that it is used to while developing sectors to gain greater financial leverage. On the other hand, investors/developers goals are to create, expand, or improve the endeavors of the city and would promote economic vitality. This requires for change to be effected by the government that would make the environment suitable for investments. These primary customer segments offer competitive positioning, increased visitation and a yield with significant growth potential. Competitive positioning allows companies to perceive and address their strengths and weaknesses against existing competitors and develop plans based on such analysis (Porter, 1980). The primary product strengths of the City of Mount Rainier are arts, theatre and cultural heritage, tourism, and accommodation. These focus areas and key strengths provide a framework to advance the commitments of strategic imperatives and guide investment throughout the city. The main advantages and uniqueness of the City of Mount Rainier, is its geographic location, local market demand and integration with other market clusters. With low-cost real estate and relatively cheaper labor costs in comparison to neighboring Washington D. C. , these attributes have been identified as key success factors for economic development. The organization can market these advantages to potential investors in order to get them to appreciate making investments in the city.