Stanley Kubricks The Shining Essay examples -- Kubrick Shining Horror

Stanley Kubrick's The Shining (1980) initially received quite a bit of negative criticism. The film irritated many Stephen King fans (and King himself) because it differed so greatly from the novel. The Shining also disappointed many filmgoers who expected a conventional slasher film. After all, Kubrick said it would be "the scariest horror movie of all time."1 Kubrick's films, however, never fully conform to their respective genres; they transcend generic expectations. In the same way that 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) is not just another outer-space sci-fi flick, The Shining is not a typical horror movie. The monsters in The Shining originate not from dark wooded areas, but from the recesses of the mysterious human mind-in broad daylight, at that. Perhaps Kubrick said The Shining is "the scariest horror movie of all time" not because it offers a bit of suspense, blood, and gore, but because it shines a light on the inherently evil nature of humankind on psychological and sociol ogical levels. After Kubrick bought the rights to Stephen King's 1977 novel The Shining and hired novelist Diane Johnson to help write the screenplay, both Johnson and Kubrick read Freud's essay on "The Uncanny" and Bruno Bettelheim's book about fairy tales, The Uses of Enchantment.2 Kubrick obviously wanted to surpass the intellectual depth of contemporary horror films such as The Exorcist and Omen. He said he was attracted to Stephen King's novel because "there's something inherently wrong with the human personality. There's an evil side to it. One of the things that horror stories can do is to show us the archetypes of the unconscious: we can see the dark side without having to confront it directly." 2 In order to transfer his vision of the "dark side" to the screen, however, Kubrick had to substantially alter the story in King's novel. With the help of Johnson, Kubrick threw out most of King's ectoplasmic interventions-many ghosts, the demonic elevator, the deadly drainpipe, the swarming wasps, and the sinister hedge animals that come to life. Apparently Kubrick could not find special effects to animate the shrubbery in a satisfactory manner. 2 Kubrick also dispensed with virtually all of Jack Torrance's troubled history and his gradual descent into insanity. Jessie Horsting, author of Stephen King at the Movies, said, " I loathed The Shining when it fir... ...e film with a shot evocative of Michael Snow's Wavelength1 which moves down a corridor and into a photograph, after which a dissolve provides still closer scrutiny of the photograph. The photograph shows a grinning Jack at the Overlook Hotel July 4th Ball in 1921. The date links America's independence with senseless violence, and the image of Jack suggests that his sanity now exists only in the past, while his "dark side" remains frozen in the snow-covered maze outside. In addition, as the film ends, Kubrick uses the sound of applause to blend the contemporary movie audience with the 1920s audience. The 1920s audience then begins to chatter as filmgoers would when exiting the theater. The contemporary audience members, therefore, usually overlook this soundtrack-just as they overlook Native American genocide and other instances of humanity's violence against humanity. Thus, even through its final credit sequence, The Shining attempts to disrupt the complacency and security of the audience-to hold up a mirror to viewers to show them that they were and are the guests at the Overlook Ball. For this reason, perhaps, Kubrick said The Shining is "the scariest horror movie of all time."

Explore the Subject of ‘Self Disclosure’ by Counsellors

Explore the subject of ‘self disclosure' by councellors Disclosure in the dictionary is ‘the act of revealing and exposing to view' My understanding of self disclosure in this context is to mean revealing the counsellors personal information and emotions. In this unique relationship this is to be expected when the client is communicating, in fact it is actively encouraged, because that is their roll in the therapeutic relationship. However my exploration will concern when is it acceptable for the counsellor to talk about themselves or their own feelings? Counsellors must speak since this is a talking therapy and surely every word and response is a form of self disclosure, yet what is said can have serious consequences. I will demonstrate how and when this can hurt or assist the client. When I began having personal counselling myself, I expected a relationship like a close friendship, I found the fact that this ‘expert' had the answers, but didn't offer them to me, which was at times very frustrating. My counsellor was psychodynamic and I am now aware that different styles of counselling accept a more open, less restricted, approach to self disclosure. Since this is however a psychodynamic course, I will endeavour to, within length limitations, give an outline of the important issues using this approach to the subject, illustrated with bibliography, class learning and personal experience of being a client. Our professional roll as counsellors incorporates enforcing certain boundaries, even on our ability to speak candidly about what we feel and think. The client is encouraged to talk openly and freely, to help them to learn from the exploration of their problems. However when using the psychodynamic approach we withhold our own knowledge and experiences, although sometimes it may appear to be appropriate and useful to the client. It can often be quite difficult to do this, especially when clients are asking us questions, but once we have started revealing personal details, it may be difficult to stop. We should be aware that a client could also be trying to get the counsellor to verbalise as a form of resistance or defence, to avoid talking about and facing their own problems. I agree with Freud's view; â€Å"It might be expected that it would be quite allowable and indeed useful, with a view to overcoming the patient's existing resistances, for the doctor to afford him a glimpse of his own mental defects and conflicts, and, by giving him information about his own life enable him to put himself on an equal footing†¦.. I have no hesitation in condemning the technique as incorrect. † (quoted by M. Jacobs 1992; 84) Non verbal communication is very important, as we as counsellors can learn from client's body language, we must take care that the client does not read ours. Freud preferred the client to recline on a couch for just such a reason, he said â€Å"I do not wish my expressions of face to give the patient material for interpretation, or to influence him in what he tells me. † (quoted by M. Jacobs 1992; 84) The counsellor today however, must learn to control their immediate reactions, particularly the negative ones of shock or disapproval, verbal or otherwise. During my personal experience of being a client, I noticed that my counsellor came to grimace at the mention of the name of one of my close supportive friends, and I later realised, through things she said, that she felt some rivalry towards this person. This self disclosure of her counter-transference feelings was very damaging to our relationship. We have to be very aware of our clients reactions to what we say and do, in this way, even if we have made a mistake, our positive responses to the error can be useful instead of damaging to the client. Self disclosure may be invited by the client's inappropriate feelings towards us as counsellors. These transference reactions, may be worded and feel like, a personal attack or question, worthy of a personal reply. However it is important to realise that the client is saying something significant, but it is not about us, so self disclosure is not necessary. It is important that we remain neutral to encourage this transference to occur. M. Jacobs gives this reason: â€Å"The psychodynamic counsellor, like the analyst, wishes to encourage the client to speak of the ideas and images that come from within himself, rather than those which are suggested directly by the counsellor, or by signs which the counsellor gives. † (1994 27) So when we are surprised by a personal enquiry of this type, it is better to look through the distortion and use an appropriate response such as â€Å"I wonder why that is important to you? or even â€Å"It seems as if I was reminding you of someone else? † Not looking at their motivation is a missed opportunity for the client to gain a deeper understanding of their present reactions towards other people. If we take a neutral roles the client is the only one introducing their beliefs, expectations or thoughts into the room. In the early days of being a client myself, I had an experience of this linking not being done. My counsellor revealed that she had taken my questioning of her ability personally. She said my doubts had hurt her feelings, this disclosure was particularly damaging as I felt angry at that time, but had no wish to hurt her again, so could not express my negative feelings. The counsellors counter-transference feelings can lead to either positive or negative disclosure, we must learn to discriminate between the two kinds. Brown and Pedder use this clear definition; â€Å"Winnicott often distinguishes between ‘objective' and appropriate counter-transference and ‘subjective' aspects which stem more from our own situational or unresolved personal issues. (1991; 62) The former is helpful, identifying with the client's situation through empathy allows us to tune in to and reflect back their unconscious thoughts and feelings. These can be hidden behind dreams, stories and defences. When we as counsellors use a response such as â€Å"I wonder if under this there's some anger? † or â€Å"I feel as though I would have been upset about that, but you don' t seem concerned†¦ † it allows our diclosure of our own responses to challenge the client's view of the world, which can be a beneficial breakthrough for them. Alternately expressing feelings that come from our own past and counter-transference can have devastating results. I can remember an occasion in class, during a roll play, when someone playing the counsellor had so much in common with his ‘client's' experiences, that his counter-transference nearly tempted him to say; â€Å"That's what happened to me†¦ don't make the same mistakes I did, this is what I learnt from the experience†. He resisted the temptation†¦ and when reviewing the session in the class he asked the ‘client' what his response would have been if he had revealed this about himself†¦ he client replied â€Å"how can you know what I am feeling? your circumstances are not the same as mine, I don't want to hear about you! † The kind of unsolicited self disclosure he was considering may have caused a huge amount of potentially damaging, anger and resentment towards the counsellor. So in conclusion, when is self disclosure helpful or ha rmful to the client? This is a professional relationship and not a social one, so different rules of disclosure do apply, hopefully theory may be enhanced by expertise and we may learn to modify these rules slightly for different clients. I think that this is an unusual and special alliance and it is vital for the client to learn to see a counsellor as ‘real', a human being, personally involved in and interested by their problems, someone they can identify with and learn to trust. Some self disclosure is helpful, if not essential, for building this part of the therapeutic relationship. Sometimes it is impossible not to reveal personal details, such as your holiday arrangements, health or appearance, the client may also ask questions for information or through their transference. The fact that the counsellor does not have to reveal personal details can increase personal security and enhance their involvement. Gently exploring with the client why they feel they need to know, is the most helpful kind of response. Self disclosure is damaging when the information is unsolicited, or when the counsellor gives answers which evoke an emotional response in the client. As a client myself, I found that my counsellor's revelations had damaging effects on me, maybe because the feelings they aroused in me were never resolved satisfactorily, even by lengthy discussion. This eventually led to my change of counsellor, which was a depressing and painful, experience and shows how destructive self disclosure can be to the therapeutic relationship. It even caused me to question the process itself, not for the reason I expected, because I didn't get my questions answered, but because I did! Although it may be difficult for the new client or inexperienced counsellor to adjust to, it is a time for the client to explore their feelings, make their choices and find their own answers. Maybe with experience and true self awareness we can learn to keep the focus naturally on the client, finding the balance of openness and rofessionalism that is needed to help them most of all. Brown & Peddar Introduction to Psychotherapy, 2nd Edition, Tavistock Publications, 1991 Jacobs, M Freud, Sage Publications Ltd. Jacobs, M Psychodynamic Counselling In Action, Sage Publications Ltd. 1994 Jacobs, M Still Small Voice, S. P. C. K. 1993 Kennedy & Charles On Becoming a Counsello r 1973 Oldfield S The Counselling Relationship Routeledge Press Psychodynamic Counselling vol. 1 No. 1

Role Management in Workplace

Role Management in the Workplace Role Management to me seems to be all about delegation. It helps you to decide who does what and who handles what. Management in psychology probably would be the same way designate responsibilities and also delegate so that each person could know what it is that they are going to do. I would say put people where they excel if you know someone has a strong suit then that is where they will best excel and get the job done. If a person is a great school counselor then they should be counseling at a school, if they work well in a clinical setting then that is the setting they should be in. Ayame may not be good in the confrontational aspect, and that is probably for not for her. Sometimes people are soft-spoken and don’t deal well with confrontation so in turn how can you really be motivated to do something that really doesn’t make you happy. I think it is really hard to receive feedback if people really can’t understand where you are coming from and maybe her culture isn’t really a confrontational culture and she is more reserved and laid back. Then again that may not really be the role for Ayame in delegating it is a manager’s responsibility to see what skills their employees have and what they are good at. Since Ayame is a project manager that means that she is in charge of managing other people and if she isn’t motivated to do her job how can she really motivate a team of people to get their jobs done as well. Everyone has their role in a workplace and if they can’t handle it then maybe that really isn’t the role for them. Cultural Background Some countries are more reserved and not quite so confrontational and maybe that is what Ayame’s problem is. Americans are aggressive and Japanese tend to be a little more laid back and hard working. Herzberg believes that with job satisfaction is what motivated people especially Japan. The way she is receiving feedback may be a way that she isn’t used to because she is not handling the situation confrontational. She may not be really comfortable with how things are done at her job because not all cultures handle things the same way. It seems as though Ayame may not have that go hard mentality and that’s just because of what she is used to. The Japanese are not like Americans and where they are different is that Americans can be confrontational whereas Japanese are more reserved. Ayame may just need to meet with her boss and find out what it is that she needs to do differently or maybe that isn’t the job for her. She can have a sit down and address ways she feels that she may excel better and see if those ways work and if they can implement them, because not everything has to be confrontational and some people handle it better with finesse. Motivation Techniques Motivation is the process by which a person’s effort are energized, directed, and sustained toward attaining a goal. I think the goal setting theory is great theory because sometimes goals push people further so that they can go further than they normally would if there were no goals set in place. Then when you are rewarding employees for achieving those goals it makes it even better because it feels as though their hard work has paid off and that just makes them want to work harder. I think when goals are put in front of you if you are a harder worker then you are going to do what you need to make sure you achieve them. When employers reward employee’s incentives do make people work harder because it means that there is something to look forward to. I also think a good technique is to see your manager working hard too it’s one thing to just designate but to help your employees and take time to make sure they understand the task makes them feel inspired and shows them that you care and that you actually want them to succeed. References 1). Decenzo, D. , & Coulter, M. (2011). Fundamentals of Management: Essential Concepts and Applications (7th ed. ). Boston, MA: Prentice Hall.

What Is Your Idea Of A Healthy Community Provide Specific Examples

What Is Your Idea Of A Healthy Community Provide Specific Examples What Is Your Idea Of A Healthy Community Provide Specific Examples. What Do Healthy Communities – Coursework Example Healthy Community What is Your Idea Of A Healthy Community? Provide Specific Examples Healthy community is something that provides an individual as well as families a physical, social and economic environment within which they can achieve optimal well-being and physical health. A healthy community always encourages and influences one to lead a better quality life (Health Resources in Action, 2001). The community of Phoenix, Arizona can be considered as an example where there has been an improvement in the quality of air due to current restrictions in cigarette smoking in all public space. The hospitals, parks, recreational areas and schools are located at a distance that can be accessed through walking from every local community. However, focus is necessary for the general health of people within the region to establish a healthy community (Health Resources in Action, 2001). What Do Healthy Communities Have In Common?There are certain aspects that are common in all health communities . These can be comprehended from the points provided hereunder. Participatory model which seems to have grown from both top down to ground upAcquiring proper funding to support the Healthy community projectsActions, ideas and solutions are derived from the association of various groups involved Consideration and reflection of the local values Managing conflicts by dialogue and conciliationIdentification as well as resolution of the prevailing issues by the leadersResidents of the community have a common vision of their future collectively that helps them to get motivated which further unite to face the challenges Institutions and organizations foresee and transform to an ever-changing environment Source: (Health Resources in Action, 2001)How Would You Provide Care For A Community If Your Idea Of A Healthy Community Does Not Match Your Communitys Definition Of A Healthy Community?In this case, it would be necessary to understand the drawbacks of the community and identify the issues that are necessary to be focused. Based on the analysis, required initiatives should be taken to make an effective community health project that would serve beneficial for the community. Moreover, I would also encourage people living in the community to participate in the health programs. ReferenceHealth Resources in Action. (2001). Defining healthy communities. Retrieved from hria.org/uploads/catalogerfiles/defining-healthy-communities/defining_healthy_communities_1113_final_report.pdf

Easy on the adjectives - Emphasis

Easy on the adjectives Easy on the adjectives New research suggests that if you want your writing to be shared online then overusing adjectives is not wise, advisable, judicious, big or clever. [Mental note: should probably edit this.] The findings come from social media scientist Dan Zarrella, who aims in his book Zarrellas Hierarchy of Contagiousness to demystify social media marketing for the masses. After examining how often online content was shared, he came to one definite conclusion: the less complex the language, the more likely it was to be passed on. And, after studying which types of words were the most mobile, he found the biggest no-nos were adjectives and adverbs. This is actually a good tip for just about any writing. Its easy to imagine that cramming in adjectives will give your writing colour or help create more vivid images in your readers mind. But more often than not they do just the opposite, and merely add clutter that slows your reader down. Fledgling fiction writers are taught to adopt the lotus position and chant the mantra show, dont tell over and over until their posture is perfect and they never want to overdo the adjectives and adverbs again. But this advice evidently isnt only for creative writing. Its much better to choose verbs (the most-shared word type) and nouns that work hard, rather than using adjectives or adverbs as crutches for your writing to hobble along on. The finished piece will be tighter and more expressive for it. For example, instead of ran quickly, how about sprinted? Or bounded? See how either could replace the phrase, but each gives a very different and more distinct mental image? Sometimes adjectives are simply redundant. Forward planning, for example. Is anyone out there still planning what to do yesterday? Have a look at these (genuine) examples and spot the pointless words: Teen dies after fatal stabbing Gunned down by armed rebels A visual treat for the eyes Ill-chosen adjectives can also lead to unintentional silliness (which can be delightful for everyone but the writer): Stiff opposition expected to casket-less funeral plan Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after age 25 This isnt to say that all adjectives should be banned on pain of death. Mark Twain put it nicely, if youll forgive the adverb: When you catch an adjective, kill it. No, I dont mean utterly, but kill most of them then the rest will be valuable. They weaken when they are close together. They give strength when they are wide apart. Perhaps its worth thinking of them like magnets: repellent together, useful kept apart, and not recommended anywhere near computers.

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Marketing plan - Essay Example It should consider launching CIF in China keeping in mind the local tastes, culture and consumer habits. The short- and long-term marketing strategy have been suggested while also defining the control measures. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Marketing Audit 1 2.1 SWOT ANALYSIS – internal environment of Unilever 2 2.2 PESTEL Analysis 3 3. Marketing Objectives 6 4. Market Mix Analysis 4.1 Segmentation 6 4.2 Targeting 7 4.3 Positioning 7 5. Market entry 8 6. Implementation strategy 9 7. Gantt Chart 12 8. Contingencies and Controls 14 References 15 Appendices 18 1. Introduction Unilever, one of the world’s leading FMCG companies, headquartered in London, offers products across several categories including foods, home, and personal products (Datamonitor, 2010). Unilever’s strategic priorities are the developing and emerging economies. The company has a diversified product portfolio as well as a wide geographical reach which explains diverse revenue streams. It has a strong portfolio of over 400 brands. Approximately 49% of its revenues in FY2009 came from emerging economies. This gives the company the confidence to tap new opportunities in the existing emerging economies. While Unilever has a strong presence in China as is evident from their sales figures between 2004 and 2007 (Appendix A), they would like to introduce a new product in China – CIF dishwashing liquid. ... The Chinese FMCG market enjoys a balanced development both in the food and the non-food categories (Ryan, 2004). Despite the growth in the FMCG sector in China fueled by strong economic performance and higher disposable income, the sector is fragmented and still developing. An in-depth study of the competitive environment and consumer demand in the respective FMCG sector has to be conducted to understand the dynamics of that sector. These would include and understanding of the price dynamics, trade distribution, and consumption patterns (Moodle, 2005)). Thus, based on marketing audit, the short- and long-term marketing plan would be drawn up. 2. Marketing Audit The Chinese consumers demonstrate brand loyalty when it comes to foreign goods. However, marketing in developing economies differs from marketing the same product in developed in developed countries. International marketing requires the right business strategy and revolves around being competitive. The strategy can be devised after an assessment of the internal and the external business environment. The international marketing strategy has to depend upon the product characteristics, the time of entry, the consumer characteristics and the brand reputation (Ferner & Varul, 2000). Other factors that influence the marketing strategy include the differences in the culture, political stability, demographics, customer needs and government regulations. The business environment is constantly changing and marketing audit reviews the current situation based on which the marketing strategy can be devised. 2.1 SWOT ANALYSIS – internal environment of Unilever Strengths Unilever is a leading company dealing in FMCG with 270 manufacturing facilities across six

Macroeconomic Theory ECON302 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macroeconomic Theory ECON302 - Essay Example The effects of government intervention, primarily in the form of fiscal policy, works towards stabilizing the business cycle, through government spending (G) or flat rate tax (t). This helps to avert the effect of either recession or inflation. According to The Keynesian Income Model, the effect of government spending (G), is to stimulate economic activities through increasing the money available in circulation, which enhances the purchase of goods offered by businesses and thus uplifts the business cycle from recession back to boom (Salant, 69). On the other hand, the effect of a flat rate tax (t) is to reduce the rate of inflation, through the government reducing the money that is in circulation. This serves to reduce the prices charged for goods, since there is not much money circulating in the economy. The marginal propensity to import (f) is yet another factor that can play a role in correcting the imbalance on the business cycle. While there is much income within an income, an increased marginal propensity to import takes away income from the domestic economy to a different country, thus reducing the income. Alternatively, where there is low monetary circulation within an economy, a reduced propensity to import will serve to reduce e the money moved out of the economy, and thus increases the money circulating domestically (Carbaugh, 204). Question 2 The concept of short analysis refers to the economic aspect of analyzing the likely outcome of the production decisions by a firm in the near future, with the intention of explaining the likely future firm supply and its implications (Salant, 63). This analysis is pitched fundamentally on the law of diminishing marginal returns, where a firm experiences a decrease in marginal returns, on the event that variable inputs are added in larger amounts to a fixed variable (Carbaugh, 144). In this case, a short run analysis can take the form of assessing the impact of adding large amounts of variable inputs such as la bor, which can be added to a fixed variable such as capital. The effect is that the productivity of that firm will continue increasing as the quantity of labor is increased, until after a certain level of productivity, when any additional unit of labor to the fixed capital will result to corresponding reduced production units (Carbaugh, 236). The effect of expansionary fiscal and monetary policy is to increase the money that is circulating in the economy. Thus, the Impact of the expansionary monetary and fiscal policy in the SR under a closed economy is to lower the interest rates, increase the money supply and thus increase the quantity of goods and services demanded at a given price (Salant, 79). Question 3: The relationship between Balance of payments (BOP) and the foreign exchange markets There exists a relationship between the Balance of payments (BOP) and the foreign exchange markets in that; it is the foreign exchange rates that affect the prices at which a country trades its commodities (Carbaugh, 491). The Balance of payments accounts for the transactions that are made between a country and the rest of the world. The exports that a country makes to the rest of the world form the credit of the BOP, since they increase the mone